资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
土家族摆手舞“摆”出新生活****** 湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州来凤县百福司镇: 土家族摆手舞“摆”出新生活 “大家一起来摆手!”在位于湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州来凤县百福司镇的茶堰坪摆手堂内,随着土家族摆手舞国家级代表性传承人彭承金的一声呐喊,鼓点落下,铜锣响起,30余位身着土家族传统服饰的村民围成一圈,跳起原生态摆手舞。他们踩着鼓点,时而摆手,时而跺脚,时而侧身,时而挺腰,动作轻盈而刚健。 土家族摆手舞是土家族古老的传统舞蹈,发源于百福司镇,流传在鄂、湘、渝、黔交界的酉水河和乌江流域,以狩猎、农事、军事和社会生活为主要表现内容,表演中歌、乐、舞浑然一体,舞蹈动作粗犷健美,摆姿流畅自如、稳健大方,且有锣鼓伴奏和摆手歌穿唱,土家族跳摆手舞的地方通常叫做摆手堂。在长达2000余年的历史进程中,摆手舞彰显着土家族特有的文化,承载着其历史。 群众跳土家族摆手舞 来凤县文化和旅游局供图 每当逢年过节及各种庆祝活动,村民都会在摆手堂跳起摆手舞。清代《溪洲竹枝词》中有这样的诗句:“福石城中锦作窝,土王宫畔水生波,红灯万盏人千叠,一片缠绵摆手歌。”该诗描绘了土家族人民祭祀祖先和庆祝丰收时的歌舞盛况。 百福司镇继获得2011—2013年度“中国民间文化艺术之乡”称号之后,又获得2021—2023年度“中国民间文化艺术之乡”称号。近日,百福司镇土家族摆手舞入选“中国民间文化艺术之乡”建设典型案例名单。 “镇上世代以农耕为本,民风淳朴,唯爱摆手舞,上至耄耋老人,下至年幼孩童,可以说只要能走路的,都能跳两下。”彭承金说。 土家族是有语言而无文字的古老民族,摆手舞就是土家族的“活态灵魂”,只有将摆手舞的传承与保护深入到当地群众的日常生活中去,才能让这个古老的文化瑰宝焕发生机和活力。近年来,百福司镇实施土家族摆手舞传承计划,形成了全镇人人学跳摆手舞、茶余饭后热议摆手舞的良好氛围。 百福司镇政府相关负责人介绍,该镇以彭承金为带领人,组建全民摆手舞教学队伍,与党政机关、企业、学校、医院、村(社区)建立结对关系;在学校教材中,开设“土家摆手舞”等民族民间文化课程,利用课间操时间对师生进行摆手舞教学、训练。 在当地政府的推动下,一批摆手舞传承人多年来努力推动摆手舞进机关、进社区、进校园、进院落,实现“活态传承”。目前,该镇机关、学校及村文化活动室登记的摆手舞队就有19个之多。 与此同时,百福司镇加强摆手舞文化阵地建设。除了修缮保存了茶堰坪摆手堂、舍米湖摆手堂等两处古摆手堂外,全镇24个村(社区)文化活动中心均进行新建,提档升级,每村配有摆手舞道具和音响服装等设施,并新建摆手舞民族文化广场2个、室内民族体育馆1个。 白天,孩子们在课间跳土家族摆手舞;晚上,群众在广场上跳土家族摆手舞。这既能健身,还有利于土家族摆手舞的传承。“只要锣鼓一响,我们就开始‘摆’起来,生活幸福美满。”百福司镇桂林书院社区居民邓凤英说起摆手舞,脸上溢满笑容。 以全民摆手舞为统领,百福司镇先后举办龙舟赛、篮球赛、山歌大赛、特色美食大赛、篝火晚会等具有浓郁地方特色的节庆赛展活动,发动干部群众参与土家族摆手舞表演,向鄂、湘、渝人民展现土家族摆手舞独特魅力。 这些系列文旅融合的活动,不仅推动优质公共文化服务向群众生活延伸,还是百福司镇通过“文化+旅游”的方式,推动乡村振兴的有力举措。 据介绍,以土家族摆手舞贯穿的系列活动,吸引了大量来自浙江、湖南、重庆等地的游客,通过餐饮、住宿、农产品消费等带动群众增收。“这几年,慕名来我们这里旅游、观看摆手舞的人越来越多,村民跳摆手舞能获得实实在在的收益。”百福司镇舍米湖村党支部书记彭南清说。 土家族摆手舞不仅“摆”出了当地群众的新生活,还成为当地的“名片”、中国的“名片”。 来凤县文化和旅游局相关负责人介绍,以百福司镇群众为主的来凤原生态摆手舞队先后应邀参加全国广场舞北京集中展演、中国农民春节联欢晚会、中国青年艺术周、上海市旅游节开幕式,并在第九届中国艺术节上获得群星奖,也曾赴澳大利亚、南非、法国、波兰等国家演出,呈现出多元的中国文化。(本报驻湖北记者 瞿祥涛) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |